One of my favorite economists, Wynne Godley (right) has died. Obituaries are here and here. An extremely candid article on his upbringing is available here here, and an extensive video interview can be found here.
What I find most impressive about Godley was the drive that he exhibited in the last two decades of life. After having his funding cut off by the Thatcherites, whose economics he had called "a giant con trick", Godley was undeterred. He spent over twenty years working on his macroeconomic theory, living to see his magnum opus published in 2007 and his ideas proven right during the financial crisis.
I think that the Times was right to characterize his theories as "major, though as yet not fully recognised, contributions to macroeconomic theory."
In the hopes of increasing his recognition around these parts, here's a section in Jamie Galbraith's article on economists who predicted the crisis that provides a fairly accessible introduction to Godley's economic theory:
KEYNESLINESS IS NEXT TO GODLEYNESSThe work of John Maynard Keynes is linked closely to the accounting framework that we call the National Income and Product Accounts. Total product is the flow of expenditures in the economy; the change in that flow is what we call economic growth.
The flow of expenditures is broken into major components: consumption, investment, government and net exports, each of them subject to somewhat separable theories about what exactly determines their behavior. Accounting relationships state definite facts about the world in relational terms. In particular, the national income identity (which simply states that total expenditure is the sum of its components) implies, without need for further proof, that there is a reciprocal, offsetting relationship between public deficits and private savings.
To be precise, the financial balance of the private sector (the excess of domestic saving over domestic investment) must always just equal the sum of the government budget deficit and the net export surplus. Thus increasing the public budget deficit increases net private savings (for an unchanged trade balance), and conversely: increasing net private savings increases the budget deficit.
The Cambridge (UK) economist Wynne Godley and a team at the Levy Economics Institute have built a series of strategic analyses of the U.S. economy on this insight, warning repeatedly of unsustainable trends in the current account and (most of all) in the deterioration of the private financial balance. They showed that the budget surpluses of the late 1990s (and relatively small deficits in the late 2000s) corresponded to debt accumulation (investment greater than savings) in the private sector. They argued that the eventual cost of servicing those liabilities would force private households into financial retrenchment, which would in turn drive down activity, collapse the corresponding asset prices, and cut tax revenues. The result would drive the public budget deficits through the roof. And thus—so far as the economics are concerned—more or less precisely these events came to pass.
Godley’s method is similar to [Dean] Baker’s: an unsustainable condition probably exists when an indicative difference (or ratio) deviates far from prior values. The difference is that Godley’s approach is embedded explicitly in a framework of accounts, so that there is a structured approach to figuring out what is and what is not tolerable. This is a definite advance.
For example: public sector surpluses were (not long ago) driven by private-sector debt accumulation. This raises the question, how can such accumulation be sustained and what happens when it stops? Conversely in a downturn: very large public-sector deficits are made inevitable by the private-sector’s return to net saving.
But how long will public policymakers, unaccustomed to thinking about these relationships, tolerate those deficits? The question is important, since if for political reasons they do not, the economy may collapse.
Comments (17)
Quite a resilient fellow. I read “Saving Masud Khan” some years ago, and was impressed by his risky candor, but was unaware that he was comparable to Baker (is it me or does his brother look a little bit like Baker?). Thanks for posting this Fred.
Posted by Al Schumann | May 18, 2010 7:24 AM
Posted on May 18, 2010 07:24
Meanwhile, Ishmael Reed says that, as long as the media is excessively kind to barely-disguised racists, he's "on Obama's side."
Jesus, what a clusterfuck...
Posted by Michael Dawson | May 18, 2010 7:32 PM
Posted on May 18, 2010 19:32
grand guy
Posted by op | May 18, 2010 8:08 PM
Posted on May 18, 2010 20:08
bethune
why not a run down of his contributions
Posted by op | May 18, 2010 8:09 PM
Posted on May 18, 2010 20:09
Al, for a moment I thought the other dude in the picture was Baker.
Posted by Save the Oocytes | May 18, 2010 8:33 PM
Posted on May 18, 2010 20:33
StO, perhaps there's some mystery involved. Economists (Fred, Owen among others) learn arcana not ordinarily revealed to non-initiates. They're a secretive lot. Some say they're the heirs of Hassan-i Sabbah, first commander of Alah Amut, and that their macro-economics are actually code, decipherable only by members of their dread fellowship.
I won't directly state my suspicions, of course. Not with super sleuths recruited by Cass Sunstein ready to perform emergency interventions at the first sign of "epistemic closure". Suffice to say no one has ever reported seeing Dean Baker in the same room as Lord Kilbracken.
Posted by Al Schumann | May 18, 2010 8:57 PM
Posted on May 18, 2010 20:57
hmm, contributions (in hashshishin cipher):
Stock-Flow Consistent model that synthesized/integrated:
- Minsky's financial instability hypothesis
- Neo-wicksellian/woodford horizontal, endogenous money supply
- imperfect information, incomplete markets
- real and monetary phenomena integrated in one model
- realistic stocks, bonds, commercial & central banks, inflation accounting
- demand-led, path-dependent Kaleckian growth
-critique of mundell-flemming, compensation approach to forex
Posted by FB | May 19, 2010 12:04 AM
Posted on May 19, 2010 00:04
"They showed that the budget surpluses of the late 1990s (and relatively small deficits in the late 2000s) corresponded to debt accumulation (investment greater than savings) in the private sector. "
jamie could have been more careful here
first he should have kept the late 90's
and late 00's seperate
second
he ought to notice the trade gap
third
never leave consumption and invest6ment
undefined
and last
if left undefined
never use the phrase investments
unsorted
(including as above
never leave out
the trade balance )
in particular
the corporate versus household expenditures
and put "savings" always in brackets
the result of this slap dash
is a mass communications train wreck
like" investment greater then savings "
that suggests households need to save more
and corporations are "over investing"
save from what income and invest what income
in what "investments" ??
in fact these labels are very political obviously
in use and definition
in their slight of hand going all the way back to keynes early analytic simplification
if we used"socially productive investment"
the game if played "honestly"
might be self exposing
example where more precise decisions in the aggregation process come in :
is building a house
a productive investment
in the way building a factory is ??
more importantly
funds flowing into and out of the hi fi cloud above the real economy
like the formation of a credit card pool
"socially productive investment ??
in general pure financial transacting
is not part of the gdp accounting
is this clear to folks ??
the buying of existing "real" assets
is not part of social investment
if one takes investment
as i think one ought to
as the social expeenditure
on plant and equipment
the building of infrastructure
research and development
and okay some elements of "education"
and of course training
fine
example
to suggest
the answer to a trade deficit is more "private savings"
is a grotesque libel
that flows directly from the categories availible to these simple identuity summations
the federal budget deficit is "dis savings "
the imports in excess of exports is "dis savings "
now of course a "player can keep these uses of the word savings seperate and hopefully clear of their calvinist "connotations"
but the public at large ??
i realize
this is being all to awefully brief and partial
and jamie is decidedly on the side of the little guy and gal
but i think his passage here
unearths the label=libel hussle
we the weebles
all face
reading "professional " econ cons
prattling away in their
jargonic short hand
where jamie is trying to communicate
to a wide audience
using these labels
in fact using the simple national accounts identity "as is "
only reinforces the usual
"categories "
this is not political correctness
this sloppy talk
by a pwog econ con
allows mephisto types
to use it to perform public magic tricks
and get away with it looking like
real dismal science
and among other atrocities
make wage class household expenditures
look like
unsustainable hog fests
in need of a socially beneficial cut back
Posted by op | May 19, 2010 8:43 AM
Posted on May 19, 2010 08:43
"Godley’s method is similar to [Dean] Baker’s"
really
godley --i defer to bethune here --
has an explicit balance sheet "department" in his grand model
ie he models the hi fi cloud as i call it
as well as the real economy "captured"
in " national income accounts "
ps
"an indicative difference (or ratio) deviates far from prior values"
now that is gnomic eh ??
i guess jamie suddenly realized he nee to compress the nut of his presentation into a runic conveyance that simply mystifies ...
"a broad " readership as an old comrade of snuffy's was wont to call us pwog dupes
Posted by op | May 19, 2010 8:49 AM
Posted on May 19, 2010 08:49
"Godley’s approach is embedded explicitly in a framework of accounts, so that there is a structured approach to figuring out what is and what is not tolerable. This is a definite advance. "
this ought to be
the topic here
not all the prior jitter bugging
but i suspect jamie himself trembles at the full consequences of this explicit model
to gesture at it without pinning down its consequences
beyond an example ...well....
"public sector surpluses were (not long ago) driven by private-sector debt accumulation"
this is i suspect completely inscrutable
fast action shufflin' and dealin'
i think i know what jamie is getting at
but to the rest of us
that comes off like water running up hill
since surpluses reduce outstanding
-- ie oin private hands --
public debt
when as i recall
the total budget surpluses
run during the clinton miracle years
can be
more then accounted for
by the social security surplus
or the capital gains tax revenue boom from the stock marjket bubble
ie not real economy sourced
but pure cloud "rain"
--to be paine jargonic about it--
if the cloud does not exactly rain back
the funds it sucks up out of the real economy every period
(not more or less )
then this "cloud sector must be accounted for
explicitly
much as the foreign and domestic flows
of funds and products
must be explicitly accounted for
in our "open macro " models
Posted by op | May 19, 2010 9:01 AM
Posted on May 19, 2010 09:01
"how long will public policymakers, unaccustomed to thinking about these relationships, tolerate those deficits?"
written by an "idealist"
not a class conflict warrior
obviously the elite knows what's up
they are hardly prisoners of their "categories" and partial mind models
no
they are trying to imprison us with these partial and distortionary models
hey that's why keynes could be "incorporated"
legitimized even alligned with
--recall nixon--
err from time to time
in the status quo
" paradigm wars "
Posted by op | May 19, 2010 9:06 AM
Posted on May 19, 2010 09:06
"Stock-Flow Consistent model that synthesized/integrated:
- Minsky's financial instability hypothesis
- Neo-wicksellian/woodford horizontal, endogenous money supply
- imperfect information, incomplete markets
- real and monetary phenomena integrated in one model
- realistic stocks, bonds, commercial & central banks, inflation accounting
- demand-led, path-dependent Kaleckian growth
-critique of mundell-flemming, compensation approach to forex"
godley is your mentor
so u
bethune
provide the exegesis
point by point !!!!!
sunstein posse sited on the horizon
circle the wagons
Posted by op | May 19, 2010 9:35 AM
Posted on May 19, 2010 09:35
haha bit of a tall order don't you think? but ok.. I've got some ideas for a couple posts.
Galbraith's summary does leave a lot to be desired. I actually cut off the last paragraph because he had gotten so far out into the rough.
Posted by FB | May 19, 2010 9:52 AM
Posted on May 19, 2010 09:52
In the first place, the fact the economy is tyranny controlled by private banks via the Fed and that debt is used to maintained the feudal arrangement is consistently ignored by Keynesians as well as Marxists. Yet it would seem to be the central problem to resolve before we can start to fix everything else.
And: there's no such thing as serious economic theory; in the sense of providing insights that go beyond the superficially obvious. Economic theories are really there to provide jobs for economists and to obscure from the public economic reality.
Posted by Peter Ward | May 19, 2010 1:03 PM
Posted on May 19, 2010 13:03
".. debt is used to maintain(..)
the feudal arrangement.."
this " is consistently ignored by Keynesians as well as Marxists"
have no idea what feudal means here
is it a metaphor like hayeks road to serfdom ??
or wage slaves ??
the only theory i know like this is the proto nazi theorists with their interest rate slavery notions
mr ward
are u a wage earner or an independent spirit?
that you don't see the value of political economy as practiced by samuelsonians or friedmanites or us marxists
doesn't surprise me
nor i might add
disturb me
Posted by op | May 19, 2010 3:37 PM
Posted on May 19, 2010 15:37
a couple more obituaries are up:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/may/20/wynne-godley-obituary
his partner, Marc Lavoie, has commented on this one:
http://www.progressive-economics.ca/2010/05/20/remembering-wynne-godley/
Posted by FB | May 21, 2010 9:46 AM
Posted on May 21, 2010 09:46
bethune-ski
thanx for the link
to prog-eco
Posted by op | May 21, 2010 9:00 PM
Posted on May 21, 2010 21:00